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Aviation
of Siberia

A hundred years above the taiga: how the sky over the planet's largest region learned to fly.

A century-long journey: from the biplane that first rose over Yakutsk in 1925, to today's air hubs at Tolmachevo and Yemelyanovo. Fasten your seatbelt — ahead lie the chronicle, airports, airlines and legends of Siberian skies.

100
years of history, 1925–2025
8000
aircraft ferried on the Alsib route
18k+
An‑2s built since 1949
4
major air hubs on this site's route

Flight log · 1925—2025

Chronicle

Five eras of Siberian skies: from the first biplanes to a modern air hub. Every entry comes with a source.

I. Dawn of Siberian Skies1925 — 1930s

Aviation arrives in a land with no roads for thousands of kilometres — and instantly becomes not a novelty, but the only link to the world.

1925

First flight over the skies of Yakutia

On 8 October, pilot Pyotr Fadeyev took a single-engine Sopwith biplane into the air at the Darkylakh crossing near Yakutsk. On 12 October came the first scheduled flight: Yakutsk–Pokrovsk.

YSIA (RU) →
II. Wings of War1939 — 1945

Siberia becomes the front's air corridor — a route through the pole of cold, invisible to enemy aircraft.

1939

Flying school in the village of Tolmachevo

A military pilot training school opens — the future foundation of Siberia's main airport.

aviation21.ru (RU) →
1941

Tolmachevo airfield and the start of the Alsib route

On 9 October 1941 the military airfield at Tolmachevo enters service. That same year, design begins on the Alsib route — Fairbanks–Krasnoyarsk, 6,500 km across the Bering Strait and the whole of Siberia.

visitsiberia.info (RU) →
1942

Alsib receives its first aircraft

By July 1942 the route is ready. Krasnoyarsk becomes its terminus — American bombers and fighters were ferried here under Lend-Lease before heading to the front.

visitsiberia.info (RU) →
III. Workhorses of the Sky1947 — 1979

Jet aviation links Siberia with the rest of the country, while the unassuming An‑2 biplane takes on everything else — from mail to field hospitals.

1947

First flight of the An‑2

On 31 August, Oleg Antonov's biplane takes to the air. Series production begins on 9 September 1949 — and will run for decades.

techinsider.ru (RU) →
1957

Tolmachevo goes civilian

12 July: the first scheduled passenger flight to Moscow on a Tu‑104 — the airport's birthday. On 1 December, its first terminal opens.

aviation21.ru (RU) →
1970

Construction begins at Yemelyanovo

Near Krasnoyarsk, work starts on a new airport — the future strategic hub on Europe–Asia routes.

kja.aero (RU) →
1972

Tolmachevo passes one million

Annual passenger traffic tops 1 million for the first time — while the An‑2 links thousands of villages that had "never laid eyes on an aircraft" before.

aviation21.ru (RU) →
IV. The New Russia1980 — 2009

Soviet aviation enterprises split into private companies — carriers are born that still hold Siberia's skies today.

1980

Yemelyanovo airport opens

25 October: Krasnoyarsk's new airport takes its first flights.

kja.aero (RU) →
1992

Birth of the airline "Sibir"

In Novosibirsk, based at Tolmachevo, an independent commercial airline is founded — the future S7 Airlines.

airlines-inform.ru (RU) →
1999

IrAero founded

The Irkutsk company starts out in cargo transport; passenger flights follow in 2006, and it later becomes Russia's largest operator of the An‑24.

iraero.ru (RU) →
2002

Yakutia airline founded

Created as a division of the republic's aviation enterprise; commercial flights begin in 2003.

airlines-inform.ru (RU) →
2006

"Sibir" becomes S7 Airlines

Rebranded and folded into S7 Group. In 2010 the company will be among the first in Russia to join the Oneworld alliance.

airlines-inform.ru (RU) →
V. Modern Hub2010 — Present

The century-long journey arrives at international hubs linking Siberia directly with Europe and Asia.

2010

Tolmachevo's second runway

25 September: the second runway opens with fanfare — construction had begun back in 1987.

aviation21.ru (RU) →
2017

New terminal at Yemelyanovo

Krasnoyarsk opens a 58,000 m² passenger terminal — that same year the airport handles over 2.3 million passengers.

kja.aero (RU) →
2025

A century later

Tolmachevo handles a record 9.68 million passengers a year across 92 routes; Yemelyanovo hosts 25 airlines — a century that began with one biplane over Yakutsk ends in a network of international hubs.

NGS.ru (RU) →

Siberia's air gateways

Airports

From a military airfield in the taiga to international hubs — the stories of the region's four main airports.

Tolmachevo, Novosibirsk

  • 1939 — flying school opens in the village of Tolmachevo
  • 1941 — military airfield enters service
  • 1957 — first civilian flight, the airport's birthday
  • 2010 — second runway opens
  • 2025 — 9.68M passengers, 92 routes

Yemelyanovo, Krasnoyarsk

  • 1970 — construction begins
  • 1980 — enters service on 25 October
  • 1993 — granted international status
  • 2017 — new terminal, 58,000 m²
  • Today — 25 airlines, 53 destinations

Yakutsk

  • 1925 — first flight over the city, start of air links
  • One of the harshest-climate airports in the world
  • Home base of Yakutia airline
  • Key hub for Siberia's most remote region

Irkutsk

  • Home base of IrAero airline since 1999
  • Historic gateway to Lake Baikal and the Far East
  • Logistics arms — Moscow (Domodedovo), Magadan
  • The country's largest hub for An‑24 operations

Carriers' flight logs

Airlines

Who lifts Siberia into the air today — and how these companies got their start.

S7 Airlines (formerly "Sibir")

  • 1992 — founded in Novosibirsk as "Sibir"
  • 2001 — awarded IATA code S7
  • 2006 — rebranded as S7 Airlines
  • 2010 — joins the Oneworld alliance

Yakutia

  • 2002 — founded as a division of a Yakutian aviation enterprise
  • 2003 — commercial flights begin
  • Fleet: Boeing 737, Bombardier Dash 8, Sukhoi Superjet 100
  • Links Yakutsk with the Far East and central Russia

IrAero

  • 1999 — traces its history to cargo transport
  • 2006 — passenger flights open
  • Russia's largest operator of the An‑24
  • More than 150 routes across Russia and abroad

NordStar

  • Home base — Norilsk, hub of the Russian Arctic
  • Ranks among Russia's top 15 airlines
  • About 1.3M passengers a year, 27 destinations

Legends of Siberian skies

Legends

Three stories you can't tell the history of Siberian aviation without: an indestructible biplane, a secret route, and Yakutia's first pilot.

Legend I

The An‑2, the "Crop Duster"

Oleg Antonov's biplane first flew on 31 August 1947, entering series production at a Kyiv plant on 9 September 1949. Its simple, rugged design made it a jack-of-all-trades: passenger, medevac, mail, agricultural, firefighting and training aircraft — everywhere that had "never laid eyes on a plane" before.

1947first flight
18,000+aircraft built
75+ yearsstill in service

Attempts to re-engine it with modern powerplants made the aircraft noticeably more expensive — and no alternative was ever found for hundreds of Siberian villages without airstrips. The An‑2 remains in service to this day.

Legend II

Alsib — the Route of Courage

From October 1941 to July 1942, a 6,500 km air road was built — from Fairbanks, Alaska, to Krasnoyarsk, crossing the Bering Strait and the whole of Siberia. The only Lend-Lease corridor beyond the reach of German aircraft.

6,500 kmroute length
~8,000aircraft ferried
1942—45years of active operation

Krasnoyarsk became a key link in the supply chain to the front — and largely thanks to Alsib, it grew into the major aviation hub it remains today.

Legend III

Pyotr Fadeyev — Yakutia's First Pilot

On 8 October 1925, pilot Pyotr Fadeyev took a single-engine Sopwith biplane — a decommissioned British WWI reconnaissance aircraft — into the air over the Darkylakh crossing near Yakutsk. Four days later he flew the region's first scheduled route: Yakutsk–Pokrovsk.

The push to develop air links in those years came from the republic's leaders — Maksim Ammosov, Platon Oyunsky, Isidor Barakhov and Stepan Arzhakov — determined to overcome Yakutia's transport isolation. The entire civil aviation history of Siberia and the Far East is dated from that flight.

Source: YSIA (RU)

Archive footage

Rutube · The legendary Soviet An‑2: its history and design (in Russian) · original
Rutube · "Aviation in Detail" channel · The U‑2 (Po‑2), biplane of the Second World War (in Russian) · original